Measurement - temp/mass/vol

Temperature Conversion - Celsius to Fahrenheit

The metric system uses the Celsius scale to measure temperature. However, temperatures are still measured on the Fahrenheit scale in the U.S.

Water freezes at 0o Celsius and boils at 100o Celsius which is a difference of 100o. Water freezes at 32o Fahrenheit and boils at 212o Fahrenheit which is a difference of 180o. Therefore each degree on the Celsius scale is equal to 180/100 or 9/5 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

* How to convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5.
* Add 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
* Example: convert 37o C to Fahrenheit.
37 * 9/5 = 333/5 = 66.6
66.6 + 32 = 98.6o F

There is a mental math method to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit. The ratio of 9/5 is equal to 1.8 and 1.8 is equivalent to 2 - 0.2

* How to convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit with mental math. Double the Celsius temperature (multiply by 2).
* Take 1/10 of this number (2 * 1/10 = 0.2) and subtract it from the number above.
* Add 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
*
* Example: convert 37o C to Fahrenheit.
37 * 2 = 74
74 * 1/10 = 7.4
74 - 7.4 = 66.6
66.6 + 32 = 98.6o F


Temperature Conversion - Celsius to Fahrenheit

The metric system uses the Celsius scale to measure temperature. However, temperatures are still measured on the Fahrenheit scale in the U.S.

Water freezes at 0o Celsius and boils at 100o Celsius which is a difference of 100o. Water freezes at 32o Fahrenheit and boils at 212o Fahrenheit which is a difference of 180o. Therefore each degree on the Celsius scale is equal to 180/100 or 9/5 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

* How to convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5.
* Add 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
* Example: convert 37o C to Fahrenheit.
37 * 9/5 = 333/5 = 66.6
66.6 + 32 = 98.6o F

There is a mental math method to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit. The ratio of 9/5 is equal to 1.8 and 1.8 is equivalent to 2 - 0.2

* How to convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit with mental math. Double the Celsius temperature (multiply by 2).
* Take 1/10 of this number (2 * 1/10 = 0.2) and subtract it from the number above.
* Add 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
*
* Example: convert 37o C to Fahrenheit.
37 * 2 = 74
74 * 1/10 = 7.4
74 - 7.4 = 66.6
66.6 + 32 = 98.6o F

Note: This lesson includes temperatures that use negative numbers. Negative numbers follow a pattern that is opposite of positive numbers. The number -20 is smaller than the number -10. Example of counting with negative and positive numbers: -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

* Example of converting negative Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit Convert -15o C to Fahrenheit.
* -15 * 9/5 = -135/5 = -27
* -27 + 32 = 5o F

Temperature Conversion - Fahrenheit to Celsius

The metric system uses the Celsius scale to measure temperature. However, temperatures are still measured on the Fahrenheit scale in the U.S.

Water freezes at 0o Celsius and boils at 100o Celsius which is a difference of 100o. Water freezes at 32o Fahrenheit and boils at 212o Fahrenheit which is a difference of 180o. Therefore each degree on the Fahrenheit scale is equal to 100/180 or 5/9 degrees on the Celsius scale.

* How to convert Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius Subtract 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
* Multiply the result by 5/9.
* Example: convert 98.6o Fahrenheit to Celsius.
98.6 - 32 = 66.6
66.6 * 5/9 = 333/9 = 37o C.

There is a mental math method to approximate the Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion. The ratio of 5/9 is approximately equal to 0.55555....

* How to approximate the conversion of Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius with mental math. Subtract 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
* Divide the Celsius temperature by 2 (multiply by 0.5).
* Take 1/10 of this number (0.5 * 1/10 = 0.05) and add it from the number above.
* Example: convert 98.6o F to Celsius.
98.6 - 32 = 66.6
66.6 * 1/2 = 33.3
33.3 * 1/10 = 3.3
33.3 + 3.3 = 36.6 which is an approximation of the Celsius temperature

Temperature Conversion - Fahrenheit to Celsius

The metric system uses the Celsius scale to measure temperature. However, temperatures are still measured on the Fahrenheit scale in the U.S.

Water freezes at 0o Celsius and boils at 100o Celsius which is a difference of 100o. Water freezes at 32o Fahrenheit and boils at 212o Fahrenheit which is a difference of 180o. Therefore each degree on the Fahrenheit scale is equal to 100/180 or 5/9 degrees on the Celsius scale.

* How to convert Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius Subtract 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
* Multiply the result by 5/9.
* Example: convert 98.6o Fahrenheit to Celsius.
98.6 - 32 = 66.6
66.6 * 5/9 = 333/9 = 37o C.

There is a mental math method to approximate the Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion. The ratio of 5/9 is approximately equal to 0.55555....

* How to approximate the conversion of Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius with mental math. Subtract 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale.
* Divide the Celsius temperature by 2 (multiply by 0.5).
* Take 1/10 of this number (0.5 * 1/10 = 0.05) and add it from the number above.
* Example: convert 98.6o F to Celsius.
98.6 - 32 = 66.6
66.6 * 1/2 = 33.3
33.3 * 1/10 = 3.3
33.3 + 3.3 = 36.6 which is an approximation of the Celsius temperature

Note: This lesson includes temperatures that use negative numbers. Negative numbers follow a pattern that is opposite of positive numbers. The number -20 is smaller than the number -10. Example of counting with negative and positive numbers: -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

* Example of converting negative Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius Convert -4o F to Celsius.
* -4 - 32 = -36
* -36 * 5/9 = -180/9 = -20o C


Converting between Metric Units of Mass

The metric system has prefix modifiers that are multiples of 10.

* A kilogram is 1000 grams
* A hectogram is 100 grams
* A decagram is 10 grams
* A gram is the stem unit of mass
* A decigram is 1/10 gram
* A centigram is 1/100 gram
* A milligram is 1/1000 gram

As we move down the units, the next unit is one tenth as heavy. As we move upward, each unit is 10 times as heavy. One hundred milligrams, which is 1/10 gram (100/1000=1/10) are heavier than one centigram (1/100th gram).


Comparing Mass in Grams

The metric system has prefix modifiers that are powers of 10.

* A kilogram is 1000 grams
* A hectogram is 100 grams
* A decagram is 10 grams
* A gram is the basic unit of mass
* A decigram is 1/10 gram
* A centigram is 1/100 gram
* A milligram is 1/1000 gram

Multiplying Pounds and Ounces

How to multiply pounds and ounces

* Convert pounds and ounces to ounces by multiplying pounds by 16 and adding the number of ounces
* Perform the required multiplication to determine the number of ounces.
* Convert the ounces to pounds and ounces by dividing by 16.
* The quotient is the number of pounds and the remainder is the number of ounces.

Example: Multiply 5 pounds 6 ounces times 4

* Convert 5 pounds to ounces by multiplying 16 by 5:
16 * 5 = 80 ounces
* Add the number of extra ounces:
80 + 6 = 86 ounces
* Perform the required multiplication:
86 * 4 = 344 ounces
* Convert to pounds and ounces by dividing by 16:
344 ÷ 16 = 21 R 8
* The quotient (21) is the number of pounds and the remainder (8) is the number of ounces.
* Answer: 21 pounds 8 ounces


Dividing Pounds and Ounces

How to divide pounds and ounces

* Convert pounds and ounces to ounces by multiplying pounds by 16 and adding the number of ounces
* Perform the required division to determine the number of ounces.
* Convert the ounces to pounds and ounces by dividing by 16.
* The quotient is the number of pounds and the remainder is the number of ounces.

Example: Divide 10 pounds 0 ounces by 4

* Convert 10 pounds to ounces by multiplying 10 by 16:
16 * 10 = 160 ounces
* Add the number of extra ounces:
160 + 0 = 160 ounces
* Perform the required division:
160 ÷ 4 = 40 ounces
* Convert to pounds and ounces by dividing by 16:
40 ÷ 16 = 2 R 8
* The quotient (2) is the number of pounds and the remainder (8) is the number of ounces.
* Answer: 2 pounds 8 ounces


Converting Metric Volume Units

The metric system has prefix modifiers that are multiples of 10.

* A kiloliter is 1000 liters
* A hectoliter is 100 liters
* A decaliter is 10 liters
* A liter is the basic unit of volume
* A deciliter is 1/10 liter
* A centiliter is 1/100 liter
* A milliliter is 1/1000 liter

As we move down the units, the next unit is one tenth as large. As we move upward, each unit is 10 times as large. One hundred milliliters, which is 1/10 liter (100/1000=1/10) are larger than one centiliter (1/100th liter).


Comparing Metric Liters

The metric system has prefix modifiers that are powers of 10.

* A kiloliter is 1000 liters
* A hectoliter is 100 liters
* A decaliter is 10 liters
* A liter is the basic unit of volume
* A deciliter is 1/10 liter
* A centiliter is 1/100 liter
* A milliliter is 1/1000 liter

Comparing Volume by Metric Prefixes

The metric system uses prefixes to indicate the size of the units of measurement. Each prefix varies from the next by a factor of ten. It is either ten times as large or one tenth the size.

The common prefixes with their values are:

* kilo = 1000
* hecto = 100
* deca = 10
* no prefix = 1
* deci = 1/10
* centi = 1/100
* milli = 1/1000

An example of comparing volume based on metric prefixes is: A deciliter is larger than a milliliter.


Multiplying Gallons, Quarts and Pints

How to multiply gallons, quarts and pints

* Convert gallons to pints by multiplying the number of gallons by 8.
* Convert quarts to pints by multiplying the number of quarts by 2.
* Add the above quantities and the number of original pints together.
* Perform the required multiplication to determine the number of pints.
* Convert the pints to gallons by dividing by 8.
* The quotient is the number of gallons and the remainder is the number of extra pints.
* Convert the extra pints to quarts by dividing the extra pints by 2.
* The quotient is the number of quarts and the remainder is the number of pints.

Example: Multiply 4 gallons 3 quarts and 1 pint times 5

* Convert 4 gallons to pints by multiplying 8 by 4:
8 * 4 = 32 pints
* Convert 3 quarts to pints by multiplying 3 by 2:
3 * 2 = 6 pints
* Add the pints from above and the number of original pints:
32 + 6 + 1 = 39 pints
* Perform the required multiplication:
39 * 5 = 195 pints
* Find the number of whole gallons by dividing by 8:
195 ÷ 8 = 24 R 3
* Find the number of whole quarts by dividing the remainder by 2:
3 ÷ 2 = 1 R 1
* The remainder of 1 is the number of pints.
* Answer: 24 gallons 1 quart and 1 pint


Dividing Gallons, Quarts and Pints

How to divide gallons, quarts and pints

* Convert gallons to pints by multiplying the number of gallons by 8.
* Convert quarts to pints by multiplying the number of quarts by 2.
* Add the above quantities and the number of original pints together.
* Perform the required division to determine the number of pints.
* Convert the pints to gallons by dividing by 8.
* The quotient is the number of gallons and the remainder is the number of extra pints.
* Convert the extra pints to quarts by dividing the extra pints by 2.
* The quotient is the number of quarts and the remainder is the number of pints.

Example: Divide 9 gallons 1 quart and 1 pint by 5.

* Convert 9 gallons to pints by multiplying 9 times 8:
9 * 8 = 72 pints
* Convert 1 quart to pints by multiplying 1 times 2:
1 * 2 = 2 pints
* Add the pints from above and the number of original pints:
72 + 2 + 1 = 75 pints
* Perform the required division:
75 ÷ 5 = 15 pints
* Find the number of whole gallons by dividing by 8:
15 ÷ 8 = 1 R 7
* Find the number of whole quarts by dividing the remainder by 2:
7 ÷ 2 = 3 R 1
* The remainder of 1 is the number of pints.
* Answer: 1 gallon 3 quarts and 1 pint


Dividing Gallons, Quarts and Pints

How to divide gallons, quarts and pints

* Convert gallons to pints by multiplying the number of gallons by 8.
* Convert quarts to pints by multiplying the number of quarts by 2.
* Add the above quantities and the number of original pints together.
* Perform the required division to determine the number of pints.
* Convert the pints to gallons by dividing by 8.
* The quotient is the number of gallons and the remainder is the number of extra pints.
* Convert the extra pints to quarts by dividing the extra pints by 2.
* The quotient is the number of quarts and the remainder is the number of pints.

Example: Divide 9 gallons 1 quart and 1 pint by 5.

* Convert 9 gallons to pints by multiplying 9 times 8:
9 * 8 = 72 pints
* Convert 1 quart to pints by multiplying 1 times 2:
1 * 2 = 2 pints
* Add the pints from above and the number of original pints:
72 + 2 + 1 = 75 pints
* Perform the required division:
75 ÷ 5 = 15 pints
* Find the number of whole gallons by dividing by 8:
15 ÷ 8 = 1 R 7
* Find the number of whole quarts by dividing the remainder by 2:
7 ÷ 2 = 3 R 1
* The remainder of 1 is the number of pints.
* Answer: 1 gallon 3 quarts and 1 pint